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It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their imagination "to respond to unexpected events." That's not something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable activities.

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As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, "how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?"

4. According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed____________.

  • Athe predictability of machine behavior in practice
  • Bthe formula for how work is conducted efficiently
  • Cthe ways machines replace human labor in modern times
  • Dthe necessity of human involvement in the workplace

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