《经济学人》（The Economist）是一份创办于1843年的英国杂志，主要关注政治和商业方面的新闻。它是英语专业学生课外阅读的必备刊物，更是考研英语命题小组最钟爱的题源，历年考研真题中几乎有一半的文章都选自《经济学人》。

A fintech startup treats student loans a serious investments. In an old factory building in lower Manhattan a fintech startup is seeking answers to a question that has tormented teachers and students for decades: what is the value of a given course, teacher or institution?

译文： 一家金融科技的初创公司把学生贷款作为正式投资。在下曼哈顿区的一幢老旧厂房里，这个金融科技新秀正试图解答一个困扰着教师和学生们数十载的难题：一门课程、一名教师或是一间学府的价值是什么？ 词汇： fintech：financial technology 金融科技 torment ['tɔrmɛnt] vt. 折磨，使痛苦；纠缠，作弄 n. 痛苦，苦恼；痛苦的根源 都学小课堂： lower Manhattan解密：在曼哈顿，有着上下城的说法，上城（uptown）指的是北部，下城（downtown）指的是南部。在美国其他城市，“下城”（downtown）一般指商业中心区或闹市区。而曼哈顿有两个商业区，一个是南部的金融区，另一个是新的中城商业区。在“下城”中，也包括“下曼哈顿”地区（Lower Manhattan）。此地区包括巴克利街和布鲁克林桥以南的所有地点。著名建筑有市政府、华尔街、世界贸易中心原址等。同样的，“上城”的最北部叫做“上曼哈顿”地区（Upper Manhattan）。由于距中城较远，此地区不及其他地方热闹，经常被视为和南布鲁克林一般的偏僻远郊。

Climb Credit, with just two dozen employees, provides student loans. The programmes it finances bring returns far higher than can be expected from even highly rated universities. Climb does not claim to nurture billionaires, nor to care much about any of the intangible benefits of education.

译文： Climb Credit仅靠二十四名员工就开展向学生提供贷款业务。其回报远远比那些高评级大学期待得高。Climb公司并没有表示要培养亿万富豪，也没有特别关心教育所带来的无形收益。 词汇： dozen ['dʌzn] n. 十二个，一打 adj. 一打的 nurture ['nɝtʃɚ] vt. 养育；鼓励；培植 n. 养育；教养；营养物 intangible [ɪn'tændʒəbl] adj. 无形的，触摸不到的；难以理解的

Rather, it focuses on sharp, quantifiable increases in earnings. The average size of its loans is $10,000 and it normally finances programmes of less than a year. The subjects range from coding to web design, from underwater welding to programming robots for carmakers (which has the highest rate of return).

译文： 相反，它关注的是快速的、可计量的营收增长。平均贷款额度是10,000美金，且一般资助低于一年的项目。其中涉及的学科从编程到网站设计，从水下焊接到为汽车制造商编写机器人程序（这是最高回报率的学科）。 词汇： quantifiable ['kwɑntə,faɪəbl] adj. 可以计量的 code [kod] n. 代码，密码；编码；法典 vt. 编码；制成法典 vi. 指定遗传密 weld [wɛld] vt. 焊接；使结合；使成整体 vi. 焊牢 n. 焊接；焊接点 robot ['robɑt] n. 机器人；遥控设备，自动机械；机械般工作的人 都学小课堂： range from… to… 意为“从……到……” return 大家都知道意思是“回报，报答”，但是在经济领域，我们见到它时，不能简单将其译为“回报”，因为它在经济领域有其固定术语“回报率”，这一点，我们在做翻译的时候要注意。

Some students have scant formal education; others advanced degrees. The rate of return they get is calculated as the uplift in earnings after the course of study, minus its cost (which includes that of servicing the loan, and takes account of the absence of earnings during the course). Climb’s results so far are hardly conclusive.

译文： 一些学生缺乏正规的教育，而另一些拥有高等学历。他们所得到的回报率是根据学习结束后的收入增长减去课程花费所得到的（其中课程花费包括贷款的花费以及考虑了课程期间没有收入来源这一因素）。目前为止，Climb Credit 的成果尚未有定论。 词汇： scant [skænt] adj. 不足的；缺乏的；勉强够的 vt. 减少；节省；限制 absence ['æbsns] n. 没有；缺乏；缺席；不注意 conclusive [kən'klusɪv] adj. 决定性的；最后的；确实的；确定性的

It has released only the number of loan applications: just 10,000 since its founding in 2014. Many institutions it works with do not offer the four-year and two-year courses eligible for federal funding, which account for 19m students. Instead, its market for now is among the 5m studying in more focused programmes.

译文： 它仅仅发布了贷款申请数：自2014年成立起，才收到一万份。与之合作的许多院校不提供符合联邦基金条件的四年制与两年制课程，而这些课程涵盖一千九百万名学生。相反，Climb Credit 的市场到目前只处于接受更为专门化培养教育的五百万学生中。 词汇： application [ˌæpləˈkeʃən] n. 应用；申请；应用程序；敷用 eligible ['ɛlɪdʒəbl] adj. 合格的，合适的；符合条件的 n. 合格者；适任者；有资格者 federal ['fɛdərəl] adj. 联邦的；同盟的；联邦政府的； 联邦制的 adv. 联邦政府

Past efforts to rank education providers based on the financial return they offer have struggled. The data are often drawn from patchy surveys. It is hard to compare different courses over different time spans. Climb tracks every loan it makes, along with data such as subject area, teacher, institution, job offers and salaries.

译文： 过去那些基于财富回报而为教育提供者排名的努力还在挣扎。数据往往来自东拼西凑的调查。很难在不同的时间跨度上比较不同的课程。Climb 跟踪调查了他们发放的每一笔贷款，连同调查了诸如学科领域、教师院校、就职机会与薪酬的数据。 词汇： struggle ['strʌɡl] vi. 奋斗，努力；挣扎 n. 努力，奋斗；竞争 vt. 使劲移动；尽力使得 patchy ['pætʃi] adj. 不调和的；拼凑成的；有补丁的

Its interest rates average 9% a year, roughly double the government rate, and can be as high as 15%. It shuns some fields, such as acting or modelling, altogether, if there is no evidence that a course delivers a return. So far, the firm’s approach has worked: its default rates are in the low single digits.

译文： 贷款年收益率平均为9%，约为政府利率的两倍，最高可达15%。如果在某些领域中，没有证据表明是培训课程带来的回报，公司也完全会回避这些专业领域，比如表演与模特。迄今为止，公司的运作模式已经奏效：违约率在不高的个位数。 deliver [dɪ'lɪvɚ] vt. 交付；发表；递送；释放；给.….接生 vi. 实现；传送；履行n. 投球 approach [ə'protʃ] n. 方法；途径；接近 vt. 接近；着手处理 vi. 靠近 digit ['dɪdʒɪt] n. 数字；手指或足趾；一指宽

Climb’s credit offering covers 70 institutions; another 150 are being vetted. As many as 3,000 may eventually qualify. Climb’s attraction is obvious: an expanded student base. But many will balk at the tough provisions Climb imposes.

译文： Climb Credit 提供的信贷业务已经覆盖七十家教育机构；另有一百五十家正在审查中。最终可能有多达三千家机构获得审批。Climb Credit的魅力显而易见：扩张后的学生基数很大。但是许多人将畏于接受Climb Credit 强加的强硬条款。 词汇： credit ['krɛdɪt] n. 信用，信誉；贷款；学分；信任；声望vt.信任；把……归给，归功于；赞颂 vet [vɛt] vt. 审查；诊疗 vi. 作兽医；诊疗 n. 兽医 qualify [ˈkwɑləˌfaɪ] vt. 限制；使具有资格；证明……合格 vi. 取得资格，有资格 expand [ɪk'spænd] vt. 扩张；使膨胀；详述 vi. 发展；张开，展开 provision [prə'vɪʒn] n. 规定；条款；准备；供应品 vt. 供给……食物及必需品

Students must be given a drop-out period, when they can leave without any loan obligation. (A review of data on conventional student loans suggested that those most likely to default had begun classes, taken on debt and then quit the course before they had acquired any new skills.）

译文： 学生们必须获得一段退学期，期间他们可以退出而不必有任何债务负担。（在对传统学生贷款数据进行梳理之后，发现最有可能出现违约的情况是学生去上学，进行贷款，然后在学到任何新技能之前就退学了。） 词汇： obligation [,ɑblɪ'ɡeʃən] n. 义务；职责；债务 conventional [kən'vɛnʃənl] adj. 符合习俗的，传统的；常见的；惯例的 quit [kwɪt] vt. 离开；放弃；停止；使……解除 vi. 离开；辞职；停止 n. 离开；退出 adj. 摆脱了……的；已经了结的

If a student does default, the school is usually responsible for more than 20% of the unpaid debt. That gives it an incentive to pick students carefully and train them well. In conventional student loans, interest and principal accumulate silently. On graduation, the monthly repayment bill comes as a shock.

译文： 如果有学生确实存在违约行为，学校通常会承担未偿债务的20%以上。这样学校就有动力去认真挑选学员，提高教学质量。在传统的学生贷款中，利息与本金是悄悄积累的。在学生毕业时，月度支付账单会吓人一跳。 词汇： default [dɪ'fɔlt] vi. 拖欠；不履行；不到场 n. 违约；缺席；缺乏；系统默认值 vt. 不履行；不参加（比赛等）；对……处以缺席裁判 incentive [ɪn'sɛntɪv] n. 动机；刺激 adj. 激励的；刺激的

Climb students start making tiny payments as soon as they take out a loan (refunded if they drop out fast). Climb hopes to make its success-rate data public, to help both students and lenders. It already makes good use of its network of education providers: it has hired three former students from institutions within it.

译文： Climb Credit放贷的学生一获得贷款就开始小额地偿还债务（如果他们不久就退学，会退回这笔钱）。Climb Credit 希望可以公开它的成功率数据，这样既有助于学生们，也有助于放贷人。公司已经充分利用了它的教育提供方网络：Credit Credit 现已从中雇佣了之前在教育机构的三名学员。 词汇： payment ['pemənt] n. 付款，支付；报酬，报答；偿还；惩罚，报应 refund [ˈrifʌnd] vi. 退还；偿还，归还 vt. 退还；偿还；付还 n. 退款；偿还，偿还额